Any links to online stores should be assumed to be affiliates. The company or PR agency provides all or most review samples. They have no control over my content, and I provide my honest opinion.
WiFi technology has evolved significantly over the past few years, and with the introduction of WiFi 7, new frequency bands have been opened up to allow for higher speeds, greater capacity, and reduced interference. One of the critical developments for WiFi 7 is the introduction of the 6GHz frequency band (which was introduced with WiFi 6E). However, managing the use of this spectrum efficiently and safely, especially in outdoor environments, presents challenges. Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC) has emerged as a solution to address these challenges, ensuring reliable and non-interfering use of the 6GHz spectrum. This article explores what AFC is, how it works, and why it is essential for WiFi 7 access points, particularly in outdoor settings.
Related Content
- Netgear Nighthawk RS600 WiFi 7 Router Review
- Netgear Nighthawk RS300 WiFi 7 Router Review
- Netgear Orbi 770 Mesh Router Review
- EnGenius ECW526 WiFI 7 Access Point Review
- Intel BE200 WiFi 7 Module Review vs Qualcomm NCM865
- UniFi 7 Pro Max vs UniFi 7 Pro vs U7 Pro Wall vs U7 Outdoor WiFi 7 Access Points
- Netgear Orbi RBE973 Review
Introduction to WiFi 7 and the 6GHz Spectrum
What is WiFi 7?
WiFi 7, also known as IEEE 802.11be, is the latest generation of wireless technology designed to deliver faster data rates, reduced latency, and enhanced reliability. It builds on the foundations laid by previous WiFi standards such as WiFi 5 (802.11ac) and WiFi 6 (802.11ax). WiFi 7 aims to improve the overall performance of wireless networks by utilising advanced technologies like 320 MHz channel bandwidth, Multi-Link Operation (MLO), and increased QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) levels. These features help provide faster speeds and better support for high-density environments.
Importance of the 6GHz Band
One of the most significant changes introduced by WiFi 7 is the inclusion of the 6GHz band. Previously, WiFi operated mainly on 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands, both of which have become increasingly congested due to the growing number of connected devices. The 6GHz band adds an additional 1.2 GHz of spectrum, offering new channels that reduce interference and provide more capacity. This expanded spectrum is particularly beneficial for high-bandwidth applications like video streaming, gaming, and remote working.
The 6GHz spectrum is divided into different frequency ranges, and not all of them are accessible for unlicensed use without restrictions. To ensure that WiFi devices operate safely alongside existing services such as fixed microwave links, satellite services, and public safety systems, a system is needed to manage this spectrum effectively. This is where Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC) comes into play.
Understanding Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC)
What is Automated Frequency Coordination?
Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC) is a regulatory mechanism that allows WiFi devices to use the 6GHz spectrum safely and efficiently, especially in outdoor environments. AFC is designed to prevent WiFi 7 access points from interfering with incumbent users, such as licensed fixed-service microwave links and other essential services that also utilise the 6GHz band.
In simple terms, AFC functions as an automated database system that determines which channels can be used by WiFi devices at any given location. The database contains information on incumbent users and helps WiFi devices avoid frequencies that are already being utilised by these services. The goal is to allow unlicensed WiFi use while ensuring that existing users of the spectrum are not affected.
Why is AFC Needed?
The introduction of the 6GHz band to WiFi presents an opportunity for increased network performance and capacity. However, unlike the 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands, the 6GHz band is not exclusively designated for unlicensed use. Many incumbent users, such as fixed microwave links and broadcast auxiliary services, still operate within this band. Without proper coordination, unlicensed WiFi use could lead to interference, potentially affecting critical services.
AFC is necessary to mitigate these risks by providing a dynamic way of managing spectrum access. It allows WiFi 7 access points to check with a centralised database to determine which channels are available for use, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and preventing interference with licensed users.
How AFC Works
The AFC system works by communicating with WiFi 7 access points to determine which frequencies are available for use. Here is a simplified overview of the process:
- Registration: The WiFi access point first registers with an AFC system, providing details about its location and operational parameters.
- Channel Request: The access point requests information on which channels are available for use in its area.
- Database Query: The AFC system queries its database to identify any incumbent users operating in the vicinity of the access point’s location.
- Channel Assignment: Based on the information retrieved, the AFC system provides a list of available channels that the access point can use without causing interference.
- Ongoing Monitoring: The AFC system continues to monitor and update the database as necessary to reflect any changes in incumbent users or WiFi access point operations.
This dynamic coordination ensures that WiFi devices only operate on frequencies that are free from incumbent use, thereby minimising the risk of interference.
The Role of AFC in Outdoor WiFi 7 Deployments

Challenges of Outdoor WiFi 7 Deployments
Deploying WiFi 7 access points outdoors presents unique challenges compared to indoor deployments. Outdoor environments are subject to greater interference risks due to the presence of various radio services that utilise the same frequency band. In particular, the 6GHz band is used by a range of incumbent services, including fixed satellite and point-to-point microwave links.
Without careful coordination, outdoor WiFi 7 access points could interfere with these incumbent services, leading to disruptions. Since outdoor access points often operate at higher power levels to provide coverage over larger areas, the potential for interference is significantly increased. This is why AFC is crucial for outdoor deployments—it ensures that outdoor WiFi 7 access points can operate safely alongside other users of the 6GHz spectrum.
AFC Compliance Requirements for Outdoor Access Points
Regulatory bodies, such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States, have mandated the use of AFC for outdoor WiFi 7 access points operating in the 6GHz band. Access points that operate indoors at lower power levels are generally exempt from AFC requirements, as the risk of interference is lower. However, for outdoor deployments, AFC compliance is mandatory to protect existing licensed services.
Outdoor access points must be capable of communicating with an AFC system to determine which frequencies are available for use. They must also regularly update their operational parameters based on changes to the AFC database, ensuring continuous compliance with spectrum usage rules.
Benefits of AFC for Outdoor WiFi 7 Access Points
The use of AFC in outdoor WiFi 7 deployments offers several benefits:
- Interference Mitigation: By coordinating spectrum usage, AFC ensures that outdoor WiFi access points do not interfere with incumbent services, allowing for reliable operation of both WiFi and licensed services.
- Optimised Spectrum Use: AFC enables efficient use of the 6GHz spectrum by dynamically assigning channels based on availability, which helps maximise network capacity and minimise congestion.
- Regulatory Compliance: AFC ensures that WiFi 7 access points comply with regulatory requirements for spectrum use, reducing the risk of fines or operational restrictions.
How AFC Enhances the Performance of WiFi 7
Increased Spectrum Availability
One of the primary benefits of AFC is that it allows WiFi 7 devices to access additional spectrum in the 6GHz band that would otherwise be unavailable. Without AFC, outdoor WiFi 7 access points would face severe restrictions on which channels they could use, limiting their performance and capacity.
By allowing access to a wider range of channels, AFC helps enhance the overall performance of WiFi 7 networks, providing higher data rates and greater reliability. This is particularly important in outdoor settings, where network demand can be high, and interference must be carefully managed.
Improved Network Efficiency
AFC also contributes to improved network efficiency by optimising channel selection. In environments with multiple access points, AFC ensures that channels are assigned in a way that minimises interference between neighbouring devices. This dynamic channel assignment helps maintain high levels of network performance, even in dense deployments.
Support for High-Bandwidth Applications
With the increased spectrum availability provided by AFC, WiFi 7 networks can better support high-bandwidth applications such as streaming, virtual reality, and online gaming. The additional spectrum allows for the use of wider channels, which in turn enables faster data transfer rates and reduced latency—critical factors for delivering a high-quality user experience.
AFC Implementation and Regulatory Considerations
Regulatory Framework for AFC
The implementation of AFC is subject to regulatory frameworks established by different countries. In the United States, the FCC has played a leading role in defining the requirements for AFC systems and ensuring that they are capable of protecting incumbent users. Similar regulatory approaches have been adopted in other regions, although the specific requirements may vary.
AFC systems must be approved by regulatory bodies to ensure that they meet the necessary standards for protecting incumbent services. This includes rigorous testing to verify that the AFC system can accurately determine channel availability and prevent interference.
AFC System Providers
AFC systems are typically provided by third-party service providers who operate the databases and provide the necessary coordination services. WiFi access point manufacturers can integrate their devices with these AFC systems to ensure compliance and enable access to the 6GHz spectrum.
The selection of an AFC provider is an important consideration for network operators, as it can impact the performance and reliability of the WiFi network. The AFC provider must have an up-to-date database of incumbent users and the ability to process requests in real-time to ensure seamless operation of WiFi 7 access points.
Challenges in Implementing AFC
Implementing AFC presents several challenges, including:
- Database Accuracy: The effectiveness of AFC depends on the accuracy of the incumbent user database. Inaccurate or outdated information can lead to interference issues, undermining the benefits of AFC.
- Latency in Channel Assignment: AFC systems must be capable of providing channel assignment information in real-time. Any delays in this process could impact the performance of WiFi networks, particularly in dynamic environments.
- Interoperability: Ensuring that different WiFi access points and AFC systems can work together seamlessly is another challenge. Interoperability standards are needed to ensure that devices from different manufacturers can use AFC effectively.
Future Outlook for AFC and WiFi 7
Expanding the Use of AFC
As WiFi 7 technology continues to evolve, the role of AFC is likely to expand. AFC systems may become more sophisticated, incorporating advanced algorithms to optimise spectrum use further and improve network performance. The adoption of AFC in other frequency bands may also be considered, particularly as the demand for unlicensed spectrum continues to grow.
Integration with Other Wireless Technologies
AFC may also play a role in the integration of WiFi with other wireless technologies, such as 5G. By coordinating spectrum use across different technologies, AFC could help facilitate more seamless connectivity and reduce interference between WiFi and cellular networks. This convergence of technologies could be particularly beneficial in outdoor environments, where both WiFi and 5G networks are likely to be deployed.
Addressing the Challenges of AFC
To fully realise the benefits of AFC, ongoing efforts will be needed to address the challenges associated with its implementation. This includes improving the accuracy of incumbent user databases, reducing latency in channel assignment, and establishing interoperability standards. Regulatory bodies, AFC providers, and industry stakeholders will need to work together to ensure that AFC systems continue to meet the needs of WiFi 7 networks.
Conclusion
Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC) is an essential component of WiFi 7, particularly for outdoor access points operating in the 6GHz band. By managing spectrum access dynamically, AFC ensures that WiFi devices can operate without causing interference to incumbent users, allowing for reliable and efficient use of the 6GHz spectrum. This is crucial for outdoor deployments, where the risk of interference is higher, and the need for reliable connectivity is paramount.
AFC enables WiFi 7 to make full use of the additional spectrum provided by the 6GHz band, enhancing network performance and supporting high-bandwidth applications. However, the successful implementation of AFC depends on accurate databases, efficient channel assignment, and effective regulatory frameworks. As WiFi technology continues to evolve, AFC will play a key role in ensuring that the benefits of the 6GHz spectrum are realised while protecting existing services.
In summary, AFC is not just a regulatory requirement but a critical enabler for the next generation of WiFi. By allowing WiFi 7 access points to coexist with incumbent services, AFC ensures that the 6GHz band can be used to its full potential, delivering faster, more reliable wireless connectivity for users.

I am James, a UK-based tech enthusiast and the Editor and Owner of Mighty Gadget, which I’ve proudly run since 2007. Passionate about all things technology, my expertise spans from computers and networking to mobile, wearables, and smart home devices.
As a fitness fanatic who loves running and cycling, I also have a keen interest in fitness-related technology, and I take every opportunity to cover this niche on my blog. My diverse interests allow me to bring a unique perspective to tech blogging, merging lifestyle, fitness, and the latest tech trends.
In my academic pursuits, I earned a BSc in Information Systems Design from UCLAN, before advancing my learning with a Master’s Degree in Computing. This advanced study also included Cisco CCNA accreditation, further demonstrating my commitment to understanding and staying ahead of the technology curve.
I’m proud to share that Vuelio has consistently ranked Mighty Gadget as one of the top technology blogs in the UK. With my dedication to technology and drive to share my insights, I aim to continue providing my readers with engaging and informative content.